Minna Union Constitution and Bylaws (Revised and Effective May 23, 2026)

Article 1 (Definitions)

In these terms and conditions, "The Union" refers to Minna no Union.
In these Terms, "this site" refers to the website operated by our association, including its submission forms, union creation functions, article posting functions, member management functions, email distribution functions, notification functions, consultation reception functions, and other associated online mechanisms.
In these Terms of Use, "Official Headquarters Website" refers to the website where the Union posts official headquarters functions, terms and conditions, basic policies, operational information, information regarding participating unions, and other essential information of the Union.
In these Terms and Conditions, "Member" refers to any person who agrees to these Terms and Conditions and has joined the site through the site or by methods prescribed by the Association.
In these terms and conditions, "Poster" refers to any person who posts, consults, provides information, submits materials, applies, comments, makes statements, or transmits other information such as articles, images, videos, audio, and links to this site.
In these Terms of Service, "Participating Union" refers to a unit of activity created by members, contributors, applicants, or other individuals using the functions on this website, which is displayed on the web within the framework of this Union and Association.
In these Terms of Service, "Post" refers to any articles, statements, requests, opinions, testimonials, materials, images, videos, audio, links, comments, descriptions of participating unions, recruitment notices, or any other information posted or transmitted to this site.
In these Terms of Service, "Online Activities" refers to posting, browsing, consulting, information sharing, creating affiliated unions, recruiting participants, mutual aid, communication, notification, dissemination, saving, editing, deleting, making private, and any other online actions that take place on or in connection with this site.
In these Terms and Conditions, "real-world activities" means collective bargaining, demands, protests, dispute actions, street activities, reporting to administrative bodies, face-to-face or written negotiations with employers, press conferences, and other activities not limited to online.
In these Terms and Conditions, "local law" refers to the laws and regulations of the country or region that has the closest connection to the activity, considering factors such as the location of the activity, place of work, location of the employer, subject matter, location of the poster, place where damage or impact occurred, or other relevant circumstances.
In these Terms and Conditions, "Laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia" means the Constitution, laws, decrees, regulations, and any other legislation and legal norms applicable in the Kingdom of Cambodia.
In these Terms and Conditions, "international human rights norms" means the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the conventions and recommendations of the International Labour Organization, and other internationally recognized norms regarding human rights, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and freedom of workers to organize.

Article 2 (Headquarters and Official Headquarters Website)

This association shall establish its principal place of business as a cross-border web platform in the Kingdom of Cambodia.
The Association’s official headquarters website shall be located at the following URL:
https://hq.minnanounion.info/
This union's official headquarters website is positioned as an official headquarters function website that publishes the union's articles of incorporation, basic policies, management policies, information on participating unions, standards for web outreach activities, and other essential union information.
The Web activities of our association are comprised of the association's official headquarters site, this site, related subdomains, external services, hosting services, cloud services, CDNs, email distribution services, and other online mechanisms utilized by our association.
The purpose of establishing the Kingdom of Cambodia as the principal base of this association is to clarify the ideological and normative foundation regarding the association's online activities, rules, operating principles, choice of governing law, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and workers' solidarity.
This association will be operated in a manner that respects the laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights norms, international labor standards, and the constitutions, labor laws, and human rights norms of relevant countries, and broadly protects workers' online expression, anonymity, association, mutual aid, and the formation of unions, to the extent permitted by law.

Article 3 (Purpose and Basic Principles)

This union was established to enable workers, retirees, job seekers, contractors, freelancers, self-employed individuals, non-regular workers, part-time workers, temporary agency workers, contract employees, migrant workers, and others who work or are involved in work to come together, speak out, share experiences, and bring to light issues that are difficult to voice as individuals—or that are often silenced, suppressed, or subject to undue pressure due to differences in status, economic dependence, social pressure, or other circumstances—regarding companies, organizations, employers, power dynamics,differences in status, economic dependence, social pressure, or other circumstances—matters that are easily silenced, suppressed, or subject to undue pressure when raised individually.
The purpose of this union is to provide workers with opportunities to consult, communicate, share information, mutually support, and form solidarity online, without fear of isolation, retaliation, disadvantageous treatment, harassment, enforced silence, or other pressure.
This association provides a platform for individuals who find it difficult to speak up on their own to easily unite online, express their opinions, and communicate issues to society concerning corporations and other entities in positions of power.
The purpose of this union is not to unfairly attack specific individuals, companies, organizations, or employers. Instead, it is to express and improve issues concerning working conditions, workplace environments, wages, contracts, hiring, retirement, dismissal, harassment, outsourcing, freelance transactions, workplace injustice, workers' dignity, workers' rights, and social justice through appropriate methods.
This union emphasizes that workers' voices are not unfairly suppressed by employers, companies, organizations, social pressure, or economic power dynamics, and fully respects freedom of expression, freedom of association, the right of workers to organize, and international human rights norms.
This union positions online communication activities not as mere word-of-mouth, complaints, or personal expressions of dissatisfaction, but as part of cross-border consultation, information sharing, opinion expression, mutual aid, public interest issue raising, and solidarity building by workers.

Article 4 (The Dual Nature of the Association)

This association possesses the following two characteristics.
1. Minna no Union as a labor union
2. Minna's Union as a Web Service or Web Platform
As a labor union, our organization is a collective body for workers to unite, express their opinions, and take action as a group when necessary. The rights of workers to organize, bargain collectively, and take collective action, as guaranteed by Article 28 of the Constitution of Japan, form an important basis for our activities in Japan.
As a web service or web platform, our union is a cross-border online mechanism for workers to post, consult, share information, express opinions, create participating unions, recruit participants, publish statements, submit materials, engage in mutual aid, and build solidarity on this site.
The fact that our association accepts, publishes, displays, manages, anonymizes, redacts, formats, deletes, or unpublishes submissions as a web platform does not mean that our association adopts, guarantees, approves, or co-dispatches all submission content as its official view.
The fact that our organization possesses the philosophy and substance of a labor union does not mean that all posts on this site, the display of participating unions, statements by union members, and other actions naturally constitute official labor union activities of our organization.
The fact that this union functions as a web platform does not negate its nature as a labor union, its nature as an organization of workers, or its purpose of protecting workers’ right to express themselves.

Article 5 (Positioning as a Cross-Border Web Activity)

The posts, consultations, information sharing, expression of opinions, mutual aid, creation of participating unions, recruitment of participants, statement placements, and other online activities on this site are not activities physically limited to Japan or any other specific country. They may form cross-border online activities constituted by overseas hosting services, cloud services, CDNs, databases, cross-border communications, access from multiple countries, users from multiple countries, and labor issues involving multiple countries.
This association posits the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights norms, and international labor standards as the principal ideological and normative foundations for said cross-border online activities.
This association believes that the cross-border online activities should be conducted in accordance with the principles of respecting human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the freedom of expression, publication, and assembly, the freedom of association, the right to form and join trade unions, and the rights to strike and non-violent demonstration, as well as the ideals of international human rights norms and international labor standards.
This association interprets the range of permissible actions on the web, with reference to the constitutions, human rights norms, worker protection norms, and freedom of expression norms of the Kingdom of Cambodia, and in other hosting, communication, user, contributor, viewer, subject matter, activity locations, and other relevant locations to broadly protect workers' expression, anonymity, and their rights to associate and form unions, within the scope permitted by law.
This association shall, as much as possible, treat posts on this site, participating unions, communications from union members, and other online activities not as domestic activities of a single country, but as cross-border expressive activities, consultation activities, information sharing activities, mutual aid activities, and solidarity-building activities.

Article 6 (Constitutional and International Human Rights Basis)

The activities of our association on the web are primarily based on the principles of respect for human rights recognized by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, freedom of expression, publication, and assembly, freedom of association, the right to form and join trade unions, the right to strike and non-violent demonstration, as well as the ideals of international human rights norms and international labor standards.
For communications, consultations, information sharing, association formation, or other online activities on this site concerning labor issues closely related to Japan, involving workers in Japan, employers in Japan, communications in Japanese, companies or organizations located in Japan, those providing labor services in Japan, or individuals with close ties to Japan, the freedoms of expression, assembly, and association guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan, the rights to organize, collective bargaining, and collective action guaranteed by Article 28 of the Constitution of Japan, and Japanese labor laws shall be positioned as supplementary and cumulative grounds, in addition to the basis set forth in the preceding paragraph.
Regarding online activities on this site related to labor issues that have close ties with countries or regions other than Japan, in addition to the basis set forth in Paragraph 1, the constitution, labor laws, human rights standards, and worker protection standards of the relevant country or region shall be considered as supplementary and cumulative grounds.
When the Union or a participating union engages in actual union activities such as collective bargaining, petitions, protests, dispute actions, street activities, reporting to administrative bodies, or other real-world union activities in the workplace, it shall be based primarily on the constitution, labor laws, and other applicable laws of the country or region that has the closest connection, such as the location of the activity, the employer's location, the place of work, etc., and shall position the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights norms, and international labor standards as supplementary and conceptual grounds.

Article 7 (Governing Law and Fundamental Principles of Legal Interpretation)

The laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia shall be the primary governing law for matters including, but not limited to, the formation, validity, performance, interpretation, internal relationships between the Association and its members, contributors, applicants, founding unions, administrators, and users, the use of this site, the posting, management, deletion, privatization, anonymization, redaction, and formatting of contributions, and other matters concerning the operation of the Association's web platform, to the extent permissible by law.
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions, this agreement does not exclude the application of mandatory provisions of laws, consumer protection laws, labor laws, tort laws, defamation, privacy, personal information protection, sender information disclosure, transmission prevention measures, deletion requests, claims for damages, criminal laws, administrative laws, or other laws and regulations in Japan or other countries or regions that cannot be excluded.
In cases where the laws, constitutional values, human rights norms, or worker protection norms of multiple countries or regions may be involved, this Union shall interpret and apply these bylaws in a manner that broadly protects workers' freedom of expression, anonymity, freedom of association, labor solidarity, mutual aid, and the raising of issues of public interest, provided that such interpretation and application does not contravene mandatory laws.
To the extent permitted by law, this association shall treat communications on this website as cross-border activities by workers and working people for expression, consultation, information sharing, solidarity building, and raising public interest issues.

Article 8 (Relationship with Registered Trade Unions, etc.)

This association is a union for the solidarity, communication, mutual aid, and issue-raising of workers and other working people, and possesses the principles and activities of a labor union.
When the Association engages in activities that require registration, notification, qualification examination, licensing, MOUs, certification, or other procedures in a specific country or region, it shall comply with the laws and regulations of that country or region.
This article shall not prevent the Union, participating unions, or union members from asserting their constitutional rights to freedom of expression, freedom of association, the right to organize, or protections under international human rights norms or international labor standards.

Article 9 (Eligibility for Membership)

Membership in this association is open to workers, retirees, job seekers, contract workers, freelancers, sole proprietors, non-regular employees, part-time workers, temporary workers, dispatched workers, contract employees, immigrant workers, foreign workers, students, interns, and any other individuals who have issues, opinions, requests, experiences, interests, or a desire to support related to work.
In light of the vulnerable position of workers, diversity, modern employment structures, and cross-border labor relations, this association does not limit membership eligibility based solely on the existence of a formal employment contract, nationality of a specific country, residency in a specific country, or current employment status.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the Association may refuse admission, or suspend or expel a member after admission, if it reasonably determines that the applicant is acting against the purposes of the Association, is likely to cause damage or significant risk to the Association, its members, contributors, participating unions, or third parties, or is otherwise unsuitable for the Association's operations.

Article 10 (Persons Not Admitted)

A person who falls under any of the following categories shall not join, create or post a participating union, or engage in the activities of this Union.
1. Individuals belonging to antisocial forces
2. Persons associated with anti-social forces
3. Those who provide funds, conveniences, lending of names, information, or other cooperation to anti-social forces.
4. Those who attempt to use this association, this website, participating unions, or the posting function for demands for undue payment, extortion, threats, harassment, obstruction of business, damage to reputation, incitement to flame wars, retaliation, the realization of personal grudges, competitive attacks, or any other illegitimate purposes.
5. Any person who intends to act for purposes different from the purposes of this association, under the direction, request, remuneration, or benefit of a company, organization, employer, competitor, political organization, religious organization, or any other third party.
6. A person who joins or creates/posts to a union using false information
7. Impersonator
8. Those who join or engage in activities with the intent to harm this association or a third party
9. Others who the association reasonably deems it inappropriate to admit or whose activities it recognizes.
When the Association finds that an applicant falls under any of the items in the preceding paragraph, or is suspected of falling under any of them, it may refuse membership, refuse posting, suspend publication, delete content, suspend qualifications, expel, suspend or close participating unions, or take other necessary measures.
When the Union takes the measures referred to in the preceding paragraph, it may choose not to disclose all or part of the reasons.

Article 11 (Exclusion of Antisocial Forces)

Members, applicants, contributors, and founders and administrators of participating unions hereby declare and guarantee that they do not fall under the category of yakuza, yakuza members, quasi-yakuza members, yakuza-affiliated companies, corporate extortionists, racketeers posing as social movement activists, or special intelligent violent groups, or any other similar entities.
Members and others shall not engage in violent demands, undue demands exceeding legal responsibilities, threatening speech or behavior, obstruction of business through violence, fraud, or power, defamation of credit or reputation, unjust street activism, harassment, or other similar acts, either by themselves or through a third party.
The Association may, without prior notice or demand, refuse membership, suspend or expel a member who violates or is suspected of violating this Article, delete posts, suspend or cease publication, suspend or close participating unions, consult with or report to relevant organizations, or take any other necessary measures.
Even if damage is caused to the person by measures taken under this provision, the association shall not be liable to the extent permitted by law.

Article 12 (Membership Dues and Freedom of Activity)

This association does not, as a general rule, collect membership fees.
This Association shall not force its members to participate in assemblies, make posts, sign petitions, spread information, participate in negotiations, take specific actions, contact third parties, make requests to companies, or engage in any other activities.
Members may choose whether or not to participate in the activities of this union of their own free will.
This union may contact members for the following reasons: to facilitate activities, protect members, manage postings, respond to legal risks, manage participating unions, amend rules, and for other necessary matters, including sending notifications, announcements, surveys, participation requests, confirmation calls, and other forms of communication.

Article 13 (Scope of Activities)

The union and participating unions will primarily use the web to share opinions, requests, issues, experiences, statements, articles, and recruitment information regarding working conditions, workplace environment, harassment, wages, dismissals, resignations, hiring, outsourcing, freelance transactions, workplace injustices, corporate responses, dealings with business partners, social pressure, worker dignity, and other related matters.
The Union may, as necessary, in addition to disseminating information on the web, conduct representations, explanations, dialogues, expression of opinions as an organization, consultations with relevant organizations, and other activities necessary to achieve the objectives of the Union in the real world.
However, unless explicitly approved by the Association, members, contributors, or participating unions shall not negotiate, make promises, reach agreements, make claims, or take any action that creates legal effects with companies, organizations, government agencies, the press, or any other third parties on behalf of the Association.
When our association or participating unions engage in actual labor union activities in a specific country or region, we shall respect the local laws applicable to the place of such activities or the subject case.

Article 14 (Creation of Participating Unions)

Our union provides a system that enables workers to easily create a participation union on the web, recruit peers, and raise their voices without requiring complex procedures or specialized knowledge.
Participating unions can be formed by a single person through the prescribed procedures on this site.
The creation of a participating union is conditional upon agreeing with the philosophy of our union and complying with these terms and conditions.
Participating unions are web-based activity units on this site for dissemination, consultation, information sharing, mutual aid, participant recruitment, and solidarity formation, and do not necessarily imply registered labor unions, legally recognized labor unions, corporations, associations, NGOs, or other registered organizations in a specific country or region.
The creation of the participating union's page does not mean that our union guarantees the content of the participating union's posts, claims, factual relations, evidence, demands, external statements, or anything else.
Founders, administrators, and contributors of participating unions bear their own responsibility for any posts, transmissions, submission of materials, recruitment of participants, external communications, and other acts related to said participating unions.

Article 15 (Protection of Participating Unions and Their Members)

Our union positions consultations, posts, information sharing, expression of opinions, recruitment of participants, mutual aid, and solidarity-building conducted by participating unions and their members on this site as activities that should be protected based on the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights standards, international labor standards, and the constitutions, labor laws, and human rights standards of relevant countries.
Our union strives to protect the online communications of participating unions and their members, to the extent permitted by law, in order to prevent the voices of workers from being unjustly suppressed through unjust pressure, demands for deletion, forced silence, harassment, retaliation, or disadvantageous treatment by employers, companies, organizations, business partners, related parties, or other third parties.
Even if the Association receives a complaint, removal request, correction request, warning, inquiry, sender information disclosure request, or any other claim from a third party against a participating union or its members, the Association shall not automatically remove posts, close the participating union, or disclose member information solely on the basis of such claim.
Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, if the Association reasonably determines that a post is illegal, involves a serious infringement of rights, or violates these Terms of Use, the Association may take necessary measures.

Article 16 (Principle of Anonymous Participation)

Assuming that there are individuals who find it difficult to speak up under their real names due to risks such as retaliation, unfavorable treatment, pressure, harassment, social isolation, or other factors from companies, organizations, superiors, business partners, related parties, or others, this association permits anonymous participation and communication.
Members may join the union, create participating unions, post, or participate in the union's activities without disclosing their real names.
The cooperative respects the anonymity of its members and contributors and protects it to a reasonable extent.
Anonymous participation is a system designed to protect the voices of workers, and it does not condone false posts, slander, defamation, invasion of privacy, disclosure of secrets, business obstruction, intimidation, unreasonable demands, illegal acts, or other inappropriate behavior.
Even if posted anonymously, the poster bears responsibility for the content of the post.

Article 17 (Maximum Respect for Expressive Activities)

To ensure that workers are not unjustifiably silenced by employers, corporations, organizations, social pressures, or any other forces, this union maximally respects communication, consultation, information sharing, mutual aid, and solidarity formation on this website.
When the posted content addresses issues concerning working conditions, workplace environments, wages, contracts, harassment, dismissal, resignation, hiring, outsourcing, freelance transactions, workers' dignity, or other labor-related matters, our union shall, as a general rule, handle such communications with care, recognizing that they may possess public interest or social necessity.
The union does not remove posts solely because a company, employer, organization, business partner, or related party finds the content offensive, takes critical view of it, or requests its removal.
The deletion, privatization, restriction, account suspension, suspension or closure of participating unions, or other measures regarding posted content shall be taken only in cases of illegal acts, serious rights violations, discriminatory incitement, threats, suggestions of violence, use by antisocial forces, malicious dissemination of false information, invasion of privacy, defamation/damage to credit, infringement of trade secrets, copyright infringement, or other serious problems, and shall be limited to the necessary minimum extent.
Deletion, making private, restriction, or other measures taken by our association do not necessarily mean that the post is false, illegal, or infringing on rights, nor do they mean that our association has acknowledged a third party's claims.

Article 18 (Basic Principles of Posting)

Members and contributors must understand that this site exists to give a voice to the vulnerable, and when posting, they must strive for truthfulness, reasonableness, necessity, public interest, appropriate expression, and consideration of the rights of third parties.
Posters must distinguish between facts and opinions to the maximum extent possible, and when stating content as fact, they must post based on rational grounds such as their own experience, materials, records, evidence, reasonable hearsay, awareness at the time, or other rational bases.
Contributors must not make unsubstantiated assertions, exaggerations, falsehoods, fabrications, falsifications, misleading expressions, overly aggressive expressions, personal attacks, discriminatory expressions, threatening expressions, or unnecessary disclosures of private life information.
When posting company names, store names, individual names, department names, photos, materials, emails, chats, recordings, videos, or other information, posters must verify at their own responsibility that they do not improperly infringe upon the reputation, credit, privacy, personal information, trade secrets, copyrights, or other rights of third parties.
The poster confirms that they, rather than this Association, bear primary and ultimate responsibility for the content of their post.

Article 19 (Prohibited Posts and Actions)

Members, contributors, and founders and administrators of participating unions must not engage in the following posts or acts.
1. Posts that are false, fabricated, falsified, or misleading
2. Posts that assert, without grounds, that a specific individual, company, or organization is a criminal, wrongdoer, antisocial force, or possesses other unfavorable attributes.
3. Posts intended for slander, defamation, insult, damage to credit, obstruction of business, intimidation, coercion, harassment, or instigating online backlash
4. Posts unnecessarily containing highly private information such as personal addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, family information, medical history, personal life information, and facial photographs.
5. Posts promoting violence, threats, unreasonable demands, illegal acts, retaliation, vigilantism, or others
6. Posts that improperly disclose trade secrets, information subject to confidentiality obligations, third-party copyrighted works, personal information, or other information protected by laws or contracts
7. acts of using the name, reputation, web functions, or participating unions of our association for anti-social forces, unjust demands, extortion, harassment, obstruction of business, competitive attacks, political activities, religious activities, solicitation, advertisement, or any other purpose inconsistent with the objectives of our association
8. The act of contacting, negotiating, agreeing, making claims, or issuing notices with companies, organizations, government agencies, the press, or other third parties as if representing our union without the approval of our union.
9. Acts that disrupt or improperly use this site's systems, security, posting functions, member information, or operation
10. In addition, any other posts or actions that our association reasonably determines to be inappropriate

Article 20 (Poster's Responsibility)

Posts published on this site are the sole responsibility of the respective authors, unless explicitly indicated by our association as an official statement.
The poster shall confirm, at their own responsibility, the truthfulness, accuracy, legality, appropriateness, non-infringement of rights, absence of breach of confidentiality obligations, appropriateness regarding the protection of personal information, and legality of the method of acquiring materials of the posted content.
If a complaint, request for deletion, request for correction, claim for damages, request for disclosure of sender information, criminal complaint, legal procedure, or any other claim is made by a third party regarding a post, the poster shall handle it at their own responsibility and expense.
In the case of the preceding paragraph, if the Cooperative bears any costs or damages such as for handling, investigation, attorney consultation, deletion, correction, making non-public, court proceedings response, or others, the Cooperative may demand compensation for them from the poster.
The fact that the poster is anonymous, has already withdrawn, that time has passed since the posting, that this union posted it, that the secretariat made formal adjustments, or that it was posted within a participating union's page does not absolve the poster of responsibility.

Article 21 (Nature of Posting Activities of the Association)

As a web function of this site, our association and secretariat basically publish the content submitted by contributors in accordance with a prescribed format, based on mechanical, formal, or operational judgments.
Even if the Association and the Secretariat accept, publish, format, anonymize, redact, correct typos and omissions, adjust headings, categorize, or disclose a submission, such acts shall not mean that they have confirmed, guaranteed, or approved the truthfulness, legality, propriety, accuracy, or non-infringement of rights of the submitted content.
Neither this association nor its secretariat assumes any obligation to conduct comprehensive fact-checking, legal review, evidence verification, corroboration with related parties, or confirmation of rights clearance regarding posted content in advance.
Neither the Association nor the Secretariat shall act as an agent, guarantor, co-sender, co-obligor, joint tortfeasor, or dispute representative for the poster.
Our continued posting of content does not imply our official endorsement of all the posted content, but rather constitutes an operational act as a web platform that provides a space for workers to voice their opinions.

Article 22 (Secretariat)

The union shall establish an administration office to carry out operations such as operating this site, generating pages for participating unions, receiving posts, publishing work, format adjustments, communication, confirmation, deletion response, third-party response, legal risk response, and other administrative tasks.
The secretariat does not inherently make substantial judgments such as accepting or rejecting the claims of posted content, political or ideological evaluations, fact-finding, legal judgments, dispute resolution, or other substantial determinations.
The secretariat's fundamental role is to maintain the website's web functions and to publish or manage content submitted by contributors in accordance with the site's operational rules.
Even if the secretariat conducts confirmations, requests for revisions, requests for the submission of materials, withholding of publication, or other measures toward the poster, the responsibility for the posted content shall remain with the poster.

Article 23 (Disclaimer of the Association)

Our union does not guarantee the truthfulness, accuracy, completeness, usefulness, legality, appropriateness, safety, non-infringement of rights, or absence of disputes regarding posts, participating unions, union member activities, displays on this site, external links, third-party reactions, or responses from companies and other related parties.
If any dispute arises between a contributor, union member, participating union, company, organization, third party, or any other person in connection with a contribution, participating union, or the use of this site, such dispute shall be resolved at the responsibility and expense of the party that caused it.
To the extent permitted by law, the Union assumes no responsibility for damages arising in connection with the posting, non-posting, suspension of posting, deletion, correction, making private, limited publication, suspension or closure of a participating union, malfunctions of this site, claims from third parties, disputes between posters, or other matters related to the operation of the Union.
If the Poster's actions cause the Association to suffer damages, expenses, burdens, reputational damage, legal action, attorney's fees, or any other disadvantages, the Association may seek compensation for such losses from the Poster.
Our union's continuation of post publication to protect workers' freedom of expression, refusal to comply with removal requests from third parties, or confirmation with the posters constitutes, to the extent permitted by law, a legitimate act for the operation of our union's platform and the protection of workers' expression.

Article 24 (Refusal of Publication, Deletion, Making Private, etc.)

If the Union determines that a post, participating union, or member's conduct falls under any of the following items or is likely to do so, the Union may take necessary measures without prior notice to or consent from the poster, including refusing publication, holding publication, requesting modifications, anonymization, redaction, deletion, temporary unpublication, restricted publication, suspension or closure of the participating union, suspension or expulsion of union membership, and other necessary measures.
1. If these terms are violated
2. In cases where there is a risk of false, exaggerated, unfounded, or inappropriate expressions
3. In the event of any complaints, warnings, requests for deletion, requests for correction, claims for damages, requests for disclosure of sender information, or any other claims made by a third party
4. If there is a risk that serious disadvantage, dispute, online backlash, damage to credibility, or other harm may occur to our association, members, participating unions, posters, or third parties
5. If there is a risk of involvement or unfair use of anti-social forces
6. When it is necessary to respond to requests or measures from laws and regulations, courts, administrative agencies, investigative agencies, hosting providers, domain providers, payment providers, or other related entities.
7. In addition, when our cooperative deems it necessary for the operation of this site
Our association may withhold all or part of the reasons for taking the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph.
The contributor shall not make any objections, claims for damages, requests for continued publication, or any other claims regarding the measures taken by this association under this Article, except as permitted by laws and regulations.
Even in cases where the Association takes measures such as deletion, making private, suspension of publication, or other actions, it shall strive for transparent operations to the extent possible and reasonable, including notifying the poster, providing an outline of the reasons, granting an opportunity to repost or submit a revised post, and other such measures.

Article 25 (Supporting Materials and Duty of Explanation)

The poster shall, at their own responsibility, retain materials, records, emails, chats, contracts, work rules, pay slips, notices, photographs, recordings, videos, testimony memos, and any other evidence serving as the basis for the posted content.
If any questions, complaints, claims, legal procedures, or other needs arise regarding the posted content, the Association may request the poster to submit evidentiary materials, explanations of circumstances, identity verification materials, the status of rights processing, and other necessary information.
If the contributor fails to comply with the request in the preceding paragraph, or if the Association determines that the submitted content is insufficient, the Association may take necessary measures, including refusing to publish, deleting, or making the post private, suspending or closing the participating union, suspending membership, expelling the member, or other necessary actions.

Article 26 (Application by Third Party)

If the Union receives complaints, warnings, requests for deletion, requests for correction, claims for damages, requests for disclosure of sender information, inquiries, reports, legal proceedings, or any other claims from a third party regarding posts, participating unions, displays on this site, conduct of union members, or other matters, the Union may, at its discretion, conduct fact-checking, make inquiries to the poster, request the submission of materials, make corrections, delete, unpublish, restrict publication, provide responses, issue rebuttals, reach settlements, consult with attorneys, consult with relevant organizations, or take any other necessary actions.
The association is not obligated to act as the poster's representative, even if a claim is filed by a third party.
The contributor shall promptly provide explanations of the factual background regarding claims from third parties, submit evidentiary documents, explain the status of rights management, and provide any other necessary cooperation when requested by the Association.
If any damage or expense is caused to the Cooperative due to the user's post or actions, the user shall compensate the Cooperative for such damage and expense.
In responding to claims from third parties, our union shall comprehensively consider the protection of posts, the protection of anonymity, the protection of workers' freedom of expression, the protection of third-party rights, compliance with laws and regulations, and the defense of our union.

Article 27 (Limits of Anonymity and Response to Legal Procedures)

The union respects the anonymity of its members and contributors, but does not absolutely guarantee anonymity.
If any of the following items apply, the cooperative may store, use, or provide information regarding a member or contributor to a lawyer, court, administrative agency, investigative agency, hosting provider, domain operator, or any other person with legitimate authority or a legitimate interest, to the extent necessary, in accordance with laws and regulations, these Terms, and the cooperative's privacy policy.
1. As required by law
2. When requested by courts, administrative agencies, investigative bodies, or other public institutions
3. If it is necessary to respond to a request for disclosure of sender information or other legal procedures
4. when it is necessary to protect the rights, interests, lives, bodies, property, or reputation of our cooperative, our members, contributors, participating unions, or third parties
5. when it is necessary to respond to violations of these Terms, involvement of anti-social forces, illegal acts, or serious trouble
6. When necessary for the legitimate defense of our union's rights or for dispute resolution
To the extent permitted by law, our union will respond in a manner that protects the anonymity, freedom of expression, workers' rights to organize, and privacy of its members and contributors.

Article 28 (Grant of License for Posted Content)

The contributor grants the union the right to use the contributed content—free of charge, on a non-exclusive basis, and without limitation as to time or region—for the union's activities, operation of this site, publication of articles, recording, preservation, evidence preservation, public relations, response to third parties, legal responses, operation of participating unions, management of past posts, and any other scope necessary to achieve the union's purposes. Such permitted uses include reproduction, publication, public transmission, editing, summarization, anonymization, redaction, preservation, deletion, making private, and other forms of use.
The contributor agrees not to exercise moral rights or any other similar rights to the extent permitted by law with respect to the preceding paragraph's use by our cooperative.
If the posted content contains the rights of a third party, the poster shall, at their own responsibility and expense, obtain the necessary permissions or handle the rights clearance.
Regardless of the contributor's withdrawal, suspension or closure of the participating union, the passage of time since posting, changes to the terms, or any other circumstances, the license granted under this Article shall survive to the extent necessary for the Union's operation, record-keeping, evidence preservation, defense, legal response, and explanation of past circumstances.

Article 29 (Withdrawal and Handling of Posts)

Members may withdraw from the Cooperative at any time by the prescribed method on this site or by a method approved by the Cooperative.
Withdrawal does not automatically invalidate any posts made, creation of participating unions, provision of information, submission of materials, requests, publication, or any other actions taken prior to withdrawal.
Even after withdrawal, responsibilities regarding posts, provision of information, submission of materials, operation of participating unions, and other actions prior to withdrawal shall not be extinguished.
The deletion, correction, unpublishing, and other handling of published posts shall be in accordance with these Terms and the procedures separately specified on this site.
Even if a withdrawing member requests the deletion or concealment of a post, the Union may refuse to delete or conceal it, taking into consideration the defense of the Union, preservation of evidence, explanation of the background by participating unions, response to third parties, public interest, interests of other union members or posters, and other circumstances.

Article 30 (Suspension and Expulsion)

If a member falls under any of the following items, the Association may take necessary measures against the member, such as suspension of membership, restriction of posting, suspension of use of this Site, suspension of participating union management authority, expulsion, or other necessary measures.
1. If you violate these Terms
2. If there are any false statements in the declaration made at the time of joining or during activities
3. If it is found that they fall under anti-social forces or have a relationship with anti-social forces
4. If you cause damage, disadvantage, reputational damage, or legal risk to our union, other union members, participating unions, companies, organizations, or third parties
5. If the name, credit, or web functions of our cooperative are improperly used
6. If you fail to respond to requests from our association for confirmation, submission of documents, explanation of circumstances, or other matters without a reasonable excuse.
7. In addition, if the cooperative determines that it is not appropriate for the member to maintain their membership status
The Association may take the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph without prior notice or the opportunity to explain, in the event of urgency, preservation of evidence, protection of third parties, protection of the credit of the Association, exclusion of antisocial forces, or other necessity.

Article 31 (Restrictions on the Use of the Association's Name)

Members, contributors, union founders, or administrators must not, without the explicit approval of the Union, represent the Union or act in the name of the Union—including making representations, demands, negotiations, agreements, notices, statements, media responses, legal proceedings, or other actions—toward companies, organizations, government agencies, media outlets, third parties, or others.
Any person who violates the preceding paragraph shall bear all liability arising from such act and shall compensate the cooperative for any damages or expenses incurred as a result thereof.
Even when a participating union issues statements, makes requests, communicates, or engages in other acts in its own name, unless explicitly approved by this union, such acts shall not be considered official acts of this union and shall be conducted under the responsibility of the participating union, founder, administrator, or poster.

Article 32 (Personal Information and Contact Information)

The Cooperative handles the email addresses, authentication credentials, posting history, usage history, IP addresses, device information, participating union management information, and other information necessary for the operation of this site of cooperative members and contributors in accordance with the Cooperative's privacy policy.
Members shall keep the e-mail address and other contact information notified to the Cooperative in a valid state.
Notifications from our association will be made by display on this site, email, forms, or any other method deemed appropriate by our association.
If any trouble arises with notifications, confirmations, responses to deletion requests, responses to third-party claims, legal proceedings, or the like due to a member or contributor failing to maintain valid contact information, the Association shall not be held liable for any disadvantages incurred by said member or contributor, to the extent permitted by laws and regulations.

Article 33 (Transparency, Removal Criteria, and Operating Standards)

While maximizing respect for communications on this site, the Union may establish operational standards such as posting, non-posting, deletion, making private, limited publishing, correction, suspension or closure of participating unions, and other operational standards in order to appropriately respond to information that is illegal or risks infringing on significant rights.
To respond to deletion requests, correction requests, claims of rights infringement, sender information disclosure requests, and other requests from third parties, the Association may, as necessary, publish operational information such as reception desks, procedures, judgment criteria, and response policies.
When deemed necessary by law or for operational reasons, the Union may notify posters, administrators of participating unions, or related parties regarding measures such as the deletion, privatization, correction, limited publication, or other actions concerning posts.
Publication, notification, or establishment of operational standards pursuant to this Article shall not be construed as acknowledging that our association naturally falls under the category of large-scale platform operators or other specific legal statuses, and is a voluntary operation aimed at balancing the protection of workers' freedom of expression with responses to rights violations.

Article 34 (Confirmatory and Retroactive Application to Past Acts)

To the extent permitted by law, these Terms shall also apply, as confirmatory provisions regarding their nature, purpose, division of responsibility, license, governing law, interpretive guidelines, and the defense of the Association, to any and all acts performed on this website or in connection with the Association prior to the effective date of these Terms, including membership, creation of participating unions, posting, consultation, provision of information, submission of materials, publication, anonymization, redaction, formatting adjustment, deletion, making private, handling of third-party matters, communication, notification, and any other acts.
It is confirmed that posts, creation of participating unions, provision of information, and other acts performed prior to the effective date of these Terms were conducted as part of the Union's purposes of workers' communication, consultation, information sharing, mutual aid, and solidarity building.
It is confirmed that the acceptance, publication, anonymization, redaction, formatting, making public or private, deletion, and other actions regarding posts performed by our cooperative prior to the effective date of these Terms do not constitute our comprehensive approval, guarantee, adoption, or official endorsement of the post content, but rather were mechanical, formal, auxiliary, or defensive actions taken in the operation of the web platform.
If a person who posted content, created a participating union, provided information, or engaged in other activities prior to the effective date of these Terms uses this Site after the effective date of these Terms, maintains their posts, manages their participating union, receives notifications from the Association, participates in the Association’s activities, or fails to raise an objection within a reasonable period,such person shall be deemed to have consented, to the extent permitted by law, to the confirmatory and retroactive application of these Terms to past actions.
This Article does not unfairly prejudice the rights of third parties regarding past acts, extinguish liabilities that have already arisen under laws and regulations, or exclude the application of mandatory laws.
This Article clarifies the Association’s purpose and actual operations as they existed prior to the effective date with respect to internal relationships among the Association, its members, contributors, and participating unions; the allocation of responsibilities; licensing; the Association’s defense; the nature of contributions; the nature of participating unions; governing law; and guidelines for interpretation.

Article 35 (Amendment of Rules and Bylaws)

The Union may amend these Terms and Conditions and any detailed regulations on the Site when necessary for achieving the Union's objectives, ensuring the proper operation of the Site, amending laws and regulations, changes in social conditions, preventing disputes, eliminating anti-social forces, protecting union members, protecting contributors, protecting participating unions, defending the Union, or for any other reason.
The revised terms or bylaws shall apply from the date they are posted on this site or from a date separately determined by our cooperative.
If, after the terms have been changed, a union member uses this site, posts content, operates a participating union, maintains posts, or participates in the activities of this union, such union member shall be deemed to have agreed to the modified terms.
To the extent permitted by law, the amended terms shall also apply to posts existing prior to the amendment, participating unions, union membership, licenses for post content, the division of responsibility, the defense of this Union, and the interpretation of past acts.

Article 36 (Interpretation, Mandatory Law, and Severability)

In the event that any matter is not provided for in these Terms, or any ambiguity arises regarding the interpretation of these Terms, the Union shall make a reasonable determination in accordance with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, the laws of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights norms, international labor standards, the freedom of association and expression of workers, the purpose of the Union, social appropriateness, laws and regulations, and the principle of good faith.
Regarding labor issues closely related to Japan, in addition to the preceding paragraph, Article 21 and Article 28 of the Constitution of Japan, Japanese labor legislation, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and workers' rights to organize shall serve as supplementary and cumulative interpretive grounds.
For labor issues closely related to countries or regions other than Japan, the constitution, labor laws, human rights norms, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and workers' rights to organize of the country or region concerned shall serve as supplementary and overlapping interpretive grounds.
Even if any provision of these Terms is determined to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in a specific country or region, such determination shall not affect the validity in other countries or regions, nor the validity of the remaining provisions.
Even if any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect, and such invalid or unenforceable provision shall be interpreted to the extent permitted by law to have the valid legal effect closest to the original intent.

Article 37 (Enforcement)

These Terms shall become effective on May 23, 2026.
The former terms and conditions, which were set to take effect on May 19, 2026, are revised by the coming into effect of these terms and conditions.
These Terms and Conditions shall also apply, for confirmation and retroactively, to the actions of our cooperative, this website, cooperative members, contributors, participating unions, and related parties performed prior to the effective date, to the extent provided in Article 34.
Even after the enforcement of these Terms, the Union shall, in order to protect the voices of workers, maximize respect for online communication, consultation, information sharing, mutual aid, and the formation of solidarity, and shall operate in light of the principles of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia, international human rights norms, international labor standards, the Constitution of Japan, and the constitutions and laws of other relevant countries.